BIOGRAPHIES AND FAMILY SKETCHES

for the

These biographies and family sketches are copied exactly as found. Undoubtedly there will be minor variations found in later research.

THE HORR FAMILY

Elijah Horr's branch of the family came into Northern New York in the latter part of the last century, and settled in Denmark, Lewis county. Here Elijah was born November 24, 1804, and was reared like farmer's boys of the period, attending, for a brief time during the winter, a common school, and laboring the balance of the year upon the farm. He was a steady, ambitious boy, attaining his physical growth very early. He led his father's men in the hay and harvest field when he was 15 years of age, and as a consequence, before he was 18, his health became almost completely broken for the time, and he had entailed upon his constitution infirmities from which he ever afterward suffered. Not being sufficiently robust for a farmer, he attended, for several terms, Lowville Academy, securing by this change a better education than was usual to most of the young men of that section at that time. Upon his return from school he entered the store of Mr. Norton.

At the age of 23 years he married Miss Gertrude Vedder, who was descended, through the Vedders and Van Vlecks, from the old Knickerbocker stock of New York. Soon after, he moved to Carthage, then nothing but a hamlet upon the Long Falls of Black river. After a short time he opened a general store, and continued in the business of a merchant, at brief intervals, on account of impaired health, for more than 30 years. Subsequently, for some years, in company with Orlin Holcomb, he carried on a general banking business until his 70th year, when a stroke of partial paralysis closed his active business career. He lived for six years after this, attending to his private business until his death, December 27, 1880.

In early life Mr. Horr identified himself with the Methodist Episcopal Church. For more than 40 years he was an official member of the Carthage church, attending scrupulously its services and contributing largely of his means for its general expenses, and towards the building of two church edifices. He believed steadfastly in the doctrines and discipline of that church, but was wholly free from bigotry, and rejoiced in the prosperity of the churches of all names. He was a man of very positive convictions in both religious and political affairs, but was charitable towards the opinions of others. As a business man he was universally respected and honored. He was indefatigable in his devotion to his business interests, never allowing anything but the claims of his religious life to engross his time or claim his attention, giving himself almost no recreation, but finding his pleasures in his work. He was a man of unusual balance of faculties, his judgments seldom needing revision. During the more than 40 years of his active business life, he passed through three serious financial panics, with untarnished honor and unweakened credit. He never took any active part in politics, other than to do his simple duty as a citizen. From the organization of the Republican party, he was identified with its interests, and thoroughly believed in, and endeavored to promote its policies. The evening twilight of his long and useful life was calm and beautiful. He rested in the border-land, quietly and in hope, after the unremitting toils of a busy life. His last words, as his soul went out into the unknown, were: "Thy rod and Thy staff they comfort me." The family consisted of nine children, all living until the youngest was over 21 years of age, viz: John Wesley, who died March 31, 1875; Walter Ashley, of Great Bend; Hannah, wife of C. E. Francis, of Carthage; Sarah, widow of Rev. Spencer R. Fuller, who died September 16, 1870; Rev. Elijah, D.D., of Worcester, Mass.; Albert Vedder, who died July 26, 1882; Gertrude, wife of John T. Connell, of Grand Island, Neb.; Louise Stewart, who died March 10, 1872, and Charles Abner, who resides at Carthage.

JOHN WESLEY HORR. The subject of this sketch was the eldest son of Elijah and Gertrude Horr. He was born May 26, 1831, and was educated at the Carthage Academy. From very early life, in intervals of attendance at school, he clerked in his father's store. He was a natural salesman. From boyhood he manifested a love for adventure, which led him into many hair-breadth escapes, some of which left their scars upon him ever after. When about 21 years of age he went to Ohio, where, for about two years, he was employed as a clerk in the store of his cousin, A. V. Horr. Irresistibly moved by the spirit of adventure that always possessed him, he then went to California, where, after about a year and a half spent in the mines and in San Francisco, he embarked with 86 others in the ill-starred Nicaragua expedition, under Gen. Walker. The adventures and escapes he had, the sufferings that he endured while in Central America, would fill a volume that would be as strange as fiction. He, with many others, sick and wounded, was faithlessly deserted by the cruel and ungrateful Walker in Grenada, to be massacred by the Costa Rica forces, but they were protected by the United States government, and finally brought with the survivors of the expedition to New York, in the frigate Wabash. He was one of six of a company of 86 that left California, who returned. His family had received no tidings of him for over a year. He came to Carthage as one raised from the dead--a walking skeleton--weighing only 90 pounds, just one-half his weight when he left California. This was before the horrors of Libby and Andersonville, and no such looking per son had, perhaps, ever been seen outside of fever hospitals. Physicians came long distances to see him and professionally examine his case. Contrary to all expectations, he fully recovered his health, and upon the breaking out of the War of the Rebellion he raised a company of cavalry, of which he was made captain. The company was disbanded after nine months of service. Upon returning home, he went, after a few months, to St. Joseph, Mo., where he was engaged in mercantile pursuits until his death, March 31, 1870. In 1859 he married Miss Nancy M. Root, of Deer River, who for some years survived him.

He was a man of generous impulses, brave almost to rashness, with a natural love of adventure that sometimes outran his judgment, but few have been better loved by those who knew him. His grave is in the family lot, in the cemetery in Carthage.

WALTER ASHLEY HORR. was the second son, born October 26, 1833. He was educated at the district school and the Carthage Academy, and for several seasons taught in Wilna, LeRay and Carthage. He spent some time in 1854-5 in Chicago and Michigan, suffering then and subsequently from fever and ague, he returned to Carthage, in greatly impaired health. After the partial recovery of his health, he assisted his father for a time in his store; and later, for several years, he was associated with Noyes Tuttle in milling and in the sale of flour and feed, and was engaged in this business at the time of the breaking out of the war. He was inclined to enlist in the beginning of the conflict, for he was, from the first, alive to its serious and critical character, but was dissuaded, for a time, on account of the claims of his young family; and it was urged that as two brothers had already gone into the army, it was his duty to remain at home. But, finally, in the summer of 1862, while serving as a member of a war committee, appointed by Gov. Morgan for Jefferson and Lewis counties, for raising a new contingent of troops, he enlisted as a private in the 10th N. Y. Artillery, and shared the fortunes of that regiment, in which so many Carthage boys and those of contiguous towns had enlisted, until broken health compelled him to resign in the winter of 1864. He was elected lieutenant upon the organization of the company, and acted in that capacity during his period of service. No one ever doubted but that he enlisted purely from motives of patriotism. He had from boyhood taken a deep interest in the anti-slavery struggles, and in his deepest heart believed that this was God's battle, and that the future salvation and prosperity of the country depended upon its right settlement; clearly discerning the magnitude and issues of the conflict, he was ready to contribute his part to its solution. He has always been a man less controlled by impulse than by fixed principle and steady purpose. There is no part of his life that he looked back upon with so much satisfaction as his army experiences. They cost him more than most persons, for he had scarcely known a well day since he left the service. While he had never held political office, he was ever an active politician. He has been a conscientious Republican, almost since the organization of the party; gladly contributing his time and means to further its measures. It was characteristic of him to give his whole energies to whatever he believed to be right, in principle, and expedient in policy; he never believed in, or advocated half-way measures. He was married in 1857 to Miss Lovania Ware, of Champion. They had two children, Jennie G., who was married to Truman A. Thayer, and who died in 1872, and Flora M., who died in 1879. He has been, for some years, a resident of Great Bend, where he was a merchant and postmaster for many years. He died there suddenly February 6, 1895, much regretted. His widow survives him.

REV. ELIJAH HORR, D. D., was the third son and fifth child of the family. He was born April 20, 1841. In early life he was very frail, and for some years it was doubtful whether he would grow to manhood. He early evinced a desire for an education, and availed himself of every opportunity for reading and study. At the age of 15 he began to attend the Gouverneur Seminary. Here he fitted for an advanced standing in college, teaching winters from the time he was 16, and attending the fall and spring terms. Circumstances prevented his completion of the college course, upon which he had set his heart, and after some time spent in teaching at Evans Mills and West Carthage, he entered what is now the Theological Department of Boston University, from which he graduated in 1863. He at once entered upon the work of the ministry in the Methodist Episcopal Church, having successive pastorates in Ilion, Syracuse and Auburn. While in the latter city, at the instance of the Presbyterian pastors, Hamilton College conferred upon him the degree of M. A., in recognition of his scholarly attainments. The same degree was also conferred, a few years after, by Syracuse University, which was founded while Dr. Horr was pastor in that city, and in which he has always taken a great interest.

Until 1882 he was a member of the Central New York Conference, taking the most important appointments within its bounds, and serving for years as Conference Secretary, an office entailing great responsibilities and affording large influence. In the fall of 1882 he was called to Walnut Street Church, Chelsea, Mass., in the New England Conference. Here he at once took high rank, and was greatly in demand as a platform speaker and lecturer.

One of the elements of Dr. Horr's popularity in the various cities in which he has labored, has been his interest as a citizen, as well as a public teacher and clergyman, in all public questions. These he has discussed in the pulpit and on the platform freely and fearlessly. During his pastorate in Chelsea he was unanimously invited by the city government to give the oration at its memorial service for General Grant.

In 1886 the Maverick Congregational Church of Boston gave him an unanimous call to become its pastor, and he remained with them between seven and eight years, when he was called to Piedmont Church, Worchester, Mass., where he now (1894) resides. The Boston Herald, on the eve of his departure from that city, said: "Without the slightest sensationalism he discusses all the topics of the day, and subjects that alike interests old and young. His popularity is by no means confined to his own congregation, or even to Boston. He is possessed of considerable reputation as an after-dinner speaker, and delivered many addresses in the late conflict on the school question. He is broad-minded and has a fine command of language, and as an extemporaneous speaker he has few superiors in Boston. He is especially popular with young people, in whom he takes a great interest, and he has addressed from the platform members of the Young People' Society of Christian Endeavor in all parts of the State."

His denomination has shown their confidence in his judgment and business sagacity by placing him upon some of the most important of their boards of trust. He is a corporate member and upon the prudential committee of the American Board; is a member of the executive committee of the American Association; also of the Sunday School and Publishing Society, and a director of the American Congregational Association.

In 1864 he married Miss Bessie Winslow, daughter of Hon. John Winslow, of Watertown. N. Y. They have three children, viz: Dr. Albert Winslow, of Boston; Katharine Pease, wife of Frederick B. Lovejoy, of Boston, and John W., now a lad of 15 years.

ALBERT VEDDER HORR was the fourth son, born February 18, 1843. He was a sturdy, mischievous boy of an unusually happy disposition. In boyhood he was little inclined "to take account of stock" before engaging in any of the expeditions and escapades so often characteristic of enterprising boys in a country village. He was a recognized leader, though inclined, in his early days, to be somewhat reckless of consequences, still he was always fertile in resources, and if his thoughtless daring sometimes led his young companions into scrapes his steady bravery and persistence always helped to extricate them. He attained his growth very early, and with it seemed to have unusual maturity of judgment. He enlisted in his brother Wesley's company at the age of 17 and when the regiment was disbanded, after nine months of service, he was an orderly sergeant. He remained in Washington for several months in the service of the government, and then returned to Carthage, where he remained for part of a year, when he began to recruit a company for the 20th New York Cavalry. He was commissioned a second lieutenant, and when the regiment went into camp at Sackets Harbor was promoted to a first lieutenancy before it left the State. When the regiment first went to the front it was employed in several long cavalry raids, which tested the quality, pluck and endurance of the men and hardened them for the service that was to follow. The rare executive ability of Captain Horr was soon recognized, and during much of the time that he was connected with the 20th Regiment, he was on detached service, acting as assistant provost marshal of Eastern Virginia, with headquarters at Great Bridge, and as aide-de-camp on the staff of different generals in the Army of the James. In this capacity he was among the first white men of our army who entered Richmond, being on the staff of General Kautz, who was in command of the colored troops on that eventful morning. On the next day he was one of the escort of President Lincoln on his visit to the captured city, but a few days before his assassination. He remained in the army until the close of the war. Soon after, he removed to St. Joseph, Mo., where for ten years he engaged in mercantile pursuits, in company with his brother. In 1876 he returned to Carthage and engaged in business until his death, July 26, 1882. Capt. Horr was twice married--in 1863 to Miss Emma D. VanNess, of Carthage, who died in 1864, and in 1872 to Miss Imo Cheney, of Mechanicsburg, Ohio, who survived him a few years, dying July 6, 1891. An only son, Elijah, survives the family. This young man is now away, a student in school.

Albert had the happy faculty of making strong friends and holding them. He was a man of unusual energy of character and executive ability. He readily won the respect and easily held the confidence of associates, whether in business or army life. Quick of perception and fertile in resources, he was fitted to lead and command men by the confidence with which he inspired them. The old soldiers who knew him in camp and field loved and honored him. He is buried in the Carthage cemetery in sight of the home of his childhood.

CHARLES ABNER HORR, the youngest son and child, was born just outside of the limits of Carthage, upon a farm, which his father owned for some years, and at this time, on account of impaired health, was occupying, October 19, 1850. He attended school in Carthage and pursued a business course in a commercial college in Syracuse, N. Y. After clerking for some years in his father's store, he went to St. Joseph, Mo., engaging in business with his brothers, Wesley and Albert. In 1874 he returned to his native place, formed a partnership with his brother Albert. He is a man of amiable characteristics, popular with his fellow-citizens, a prominent member of the Methodist church and of several local organizations.

In 1871 he was married to Miss Jennie A. VanPelt, of Carthage. They have three children, Louisa Stewart, Wilma Gertrude and Charles Albert.

WILLIAM ALLEN PECK was the son of Allen and Ann (Gilbert) Peck, who came from Connecticut quite early in the settlement of Carthage. William was educated in the common schools of Carthage, completing his scholastic education at Cazenovia, N. Y. After receiving his education he entered the store of Elijah Horr, and there he received a part of his mercantile education, completing it at Mobile, Ala. When about 25 years of age he commenced business as a merchant with the late Hon. D. C. West, and the firm of West & Peck continued until Mr. West removed to Lowville. Mr. Peck then continued in trade on his own responsibility until 1861, when he retired from active business. He sold his goods to Horace Hooker. In 1850 he married Susanna C. Budd, and they reared two children, William A. and Allen G., the latter being the popular cashier of the First National Bank of Carthage.

Few men passed through a long mercantile career in their native town and left behind them a memory so sweet and lasting as William A. Peck. He was in all respects a companionable man--one who invited friendship by being always friendly. He was perhaps more universally mourned than anyone who ever lived in Carthage, for he grew up with the town and knew all its people. He died in his 40th year, a young man.

THE BUDD FAMIILY. JOSEPH C. BUDD, one of the celebrated firm of Budd & Bones, the iron masters, who ran the blast furnace at Carthage for many years, was a resident of Pennsylvania, near Philadelphia, where the family is well remembered. His first employment in Carthage was as a clerk in the land office of Mr. LeRay. While there employed his attention was attracted by the fine opportunities then presented for manufacturing charcoal iron, which then commanded a high price, but is now an almost unknown factor upon the market. In 1820 he married Susanna Coffeen, and about that time, in company with his brother-in-law, William Bones, he began to manufacture iron, thus continuing for a number of years. Joseph Budd built the series of five bridges connecting the islands with the main land, long since destroyed.

Mr. Budd had three brothers: Dr. Benj. S., Samuel A. and Paul. His own family were Miriam, who married Abner Gilbert (deceased); Susanna C., wife of William A Peck; John C., who died in Brooklyn about 1888; Joseph P., who is now living in the State of Washington; Thomas R., now living in Carthage; Caroline P., who died in 1863, and Rebecca L., who died in June, 1894.

In person, Joseph C. Budd was of commanding height, erect and dignified. He had the bearing of a gentleman of the old school, courteous, affable, but not inviting familiarity. He enjoyed the confidence of the people, having once been a Representative in the Legislature. He died in Carthage in 1868. His wife died in 1880, respected by all.

Miriam S., daughter of Joseph Budd, who married Abner H. Gilbert, was a life-long resident of Carthage. They had three children. Miss Susanna is the last representative of her father's family in Carthage. Wm. A., her brother, died in Gouverneur in 1891, aged 31 years. Mrs. Miriam Gilbert died April 23, 1894, aged 70 years, surviving her husband over 20 years.

One of the aged persons of the county was Samuel A. Budd, who lived to be over 90 years of age. He was a well-known character in Carthage for many years, and was a soldier of the War of 1812. Another aged person was Mrs. Lavinia Budd, wife of Samuel A Budd, long a resident of Carthage, where she died at an advanced age. They were both a very long-lived and industrious family, as their record shows, and they are well remembered in Carthage.

MARCUS P. MASON One of the most intelligent, progressive and amiable citizens of Carthage, was born in Amsterdam, Montgomery county, in 1835. His father was a manufacturer, who came into New York from Massachusetts early in the twenties. Marcus P., therefore, became possessed of mechanical ideas by natural inheritance, which may explain his inclination toward productive industry. He received a fair primary education in the common schools of his neighborhood, supplemented by a year and a half in the best schools of Battle Creek, Mich., where he made his home with an uncle, a manufacturer of that city. Returning East, he next attended the New York Conference Seminary for Young Men, at Charlottsville, N. Y. This completed his scholastic education.

His devotion to mechanical pursuits had its first practical application in his father's manufactory. A young friend of his had been up in the Black River country, and was somewhat enthusiastic in his account of the desirable advantages of Carthage as a business centre. This induced young Mason to venture into this Northern section, his capital being $200 in cold cash, and with it he began the manufacture of broom handles on a small scale, afterwards increasing the business. His father then became a partner, under the firm name of H. Mason & Son, his father still residing at Amsterdam, N. Y. They rented the saw-mill of Samuel Davis and Samuel Myers, and added the manufacture of wood pumps with iron fixtures. They kept peddlers on the road selling pumps in the counties of Albany, Montgomery and Fulton, Mr. Mason, Sr., giving that portion of the business his personal attention. After running the pump business several years, the firm sold that branch, and M. P. Mason bought his father's interest. In addition to his Carthage business, he bought a mill at Deer River, and carried on the manufacture of broom-handles, window-shade rollers and slats. He then converted his Carthage mill into a manufactory of map-rollers and mountings for mounting maps, and for 25 years has made all that class of goods consumed in the United States. He soon afterward removed his works to West Carthage, purchasing the plant and water-rights of the Lathrop property. Here he largely increased his business, adding the manufacture of feather-duster handles, which he still continues, and makes the larger portion of such goods used in this country.

In 1873 he built a knitting-mill, and began the manufacture of knit underwear, in addition to his other branches of business. After the failure of Jay Cook and the attendant panic, the underwear business became somewhat depressed, and he converted his underwear mill into a hosiery manufactory, turning out about 150 dozen per day of gentlemen's merino and wool hosiery. Mr. Mason attended to his own sales, visiting nearly all the large cities of the country, and coming in direct contact with the jobbing trade. This business he continued for many years, giving employment to about 100 hands. A few years ago he sold his knitting-mill machinery and business to a concern at Pullman, Illinois, and it was transferred to that point.

About 1882 he turned his attention to investments in real estate, in the leading cities of the West and Northwest, including Kansas City, Omaha, Minneapolis, Duluth and Chicago. His plan was to purchase property, plot and grade it, putting through streets, and sometimes building upon it. In most of these ventures he has been remarkably successful, and he is still owner of landed property in several of the largest cities of the West, his judgment upon land values being frequently solicited by other dealers in real estate.

Mr. Mason is eminently democratic in his manner and easily approached. He is popular as a citizen, having represented the town of Champion on the Board of Supervisors, though his general plan has been to decline political honors. He comes of a long-lived family, his mother, who was Miss Abigail Adams Wheelock, died at the residence of her son, in West Carthage, in 1893, in her 85th year, and his father, Horace Mason, died in Amsterdam, aged 80 years.

Mr. Mason was married to Miss Hattie M. Angel, daughter of Edwin Angel, of Carthage. Three children have been born to them, two of whom are deceased, and one, a beautiful boy, Clinton, gives great promise of being a comfort to his parents.

Mr. Mason has been a successful man, but he has earned all he has of this world's goods. In West Carthage stands his elegant mansion, literally filled with unique and elegant furniture, beautiful statuary and many works of art which have been selected with wise discrimination in the art centres of Europe, and it is doubted whether another dwelling in Northern New York can show more elegant fittings or greater taste in their selection.

The Mason family in America descended from two brothers, who came from England early in the 16th century. One settled in Virginia, and the other in Massachusetts. At the burning of Medfield, Mass., in the King Philip Indian War, but one Mason child was saved from that massacre, and from him have sprung all the Masons in this country. Lowell Mason, the distinguished musician, is one of these descendants.

ERWIN ANDREW HAMMOND was born in Carthage in 1825. He was the son of John D, and Hellanah (Settle) Hammond. His father, John D., was a contemporary of Brodhead, and his assistant. Brodhead and Hammond ran the first line of survey through the Northern wilderness in 1798, and located the base line, from which all subsequent surveys have been predicated. They afterward, near 1816, completed and verified their work.

John D. Hammond died in 1836, aged 56 years, leaving his widow with 12 children. Erwin A. was then 11 years old. He was an ambitious boy, anxious to help his widowed mother. He was the first one to carry the mail from Carthage over the direct route to Watertown, via Great Bend and Felts Mills. This journey he performed three times each week, covering both ways the same day, and once a week he carried the mail from Carthage to Evans Mills, via Great Bend, Felts Mills and LeRaysville. He began to learn the hatter's trade in Carthage with Isaac Cutler, completing his apprenticeship in Utica. Returning to Carthage, he commenced business for himself in 1846, and remained four years. He then moved to Utica and established himself in the hat, cap and fur trade, which business he conducted on Genesse street until 1882. Since then Mr. Hammond has retired from active business. He is one of the oldest Odd Fellows in Northern New York, being a charter member of Tohopeka Lodge of Carthage, instituted in 1848. He is also one of the oldest Masons and Knights Templar in this part of the country, and is a member of the Masonic Veteran's Association of Central New York.

He married Miss Elizabeth E. Hill, of Martinsburg, in 1848, and they have reared five children: Julia H., wife of Richard W. Sherman, of Utica; Eugene M., now deceased; Alice Maria, who died at the age of 16 years; Cornelia E. and Mary Louise, who resides at home. Mrs. Hammond died in 1893, much lamented; to her own family her loss was irreparable. Since the death of his sister, Mrs. Marcus Bickford, September 13, 1894, Mr. E. A. Hammond is the oldest surviving member of the family, and the only one, excepting Teranus P., the youngest of the family, who resides in Carthage.

Mrs. Hellanah Hammond, widow of John D., died March 22, 1864, aged 73. She was highly respected, a consistent member of the Baptist Church, and a model mother. The large family of children all reached maturity and are well known in Carthage and vicinity. Those not already mentioned are Catharine A., the eldest of the family; Theodore S., Junius D., Charles B., William Morris, Caroline M. (Mrs. Henry Empey), John W., Miriam M. (Mrs. Alva Wilson), Helen (Mrs. F. G. Connell). These nine are all deceased.

Mr. E. A. Hammond well remembers when in his earliest boyhood, there were still remaining some portions of the five bridges, beginning at Tannery Island, that spanned the river by individual structures from one island to another. Some of the stringers of these bridges were remaining as late as 1838. He described the prevalence in Carthage of the "morus multicaulis" or silk-worm fever, which attacked so many communities in those early days. The plan was to plant the morus multicaulis tree, the leaves of which would be food for the silk-worm, purchase the worms, and at once enter upon the manufacture of silk. A family named Leonard came to Carthage from Lowville, and made preparations for manufacturing silk upon an extensive scale. The proposed industry was a taking business, because it would give employment to women and children at home. The Leonards entered heartily into this project, but met with many discouragements. The appliances then in use for winding the delicate cocoons, were crude and unsatisfactory, and that made much waste. This, with many other drawbacks, resulted in the abandonment of the business. The Leonards finally lost all they had invested, and gradually they removed from the town, not one of their descendants now residing there.

The old "cocoonery" was a long building which stood next to the garden of Martin Rugg, on Mechanic street, and is now moved back a few feet and used for a barn.

Had we space, Mr. Hammond's many other pleasant reminiscences might be related, but, as with many others, we are obliged to limit the space, for it would be simply impossible to insert as many personal sketches in each town as we would desire.

THE WENDLER MACHINE COMPANY

During the years 1892-93 the large sulphite pulp mill at Pyrites, N. Y., known as the High FaIls Sulphite Pulp and Mining Company, was designed and built under the supervision of this concern. Through Mr. Wendler's influence this Sulphite Company was formed, with a capital of $200,000. It is the only sulphite mill in the United States which uses pyrites ore in the place of sulphur in the manufacture of the liquor for digesting the wood.

In 1893 Mr. Wendler purchased the interests of Messrs. Munro and Spiro and the business was continued under the name of Wendler & Co. Under this management the business continued to prosper, and soon assummed such proportions that it was decided to enlarge the works a second time, and Wendler & Co. concluded to form a stock company. The new company filed their articles of incorporation under the name of. "Wendler Machine Company," and September, 1894, received their charter. At a meeting of the stockholders, Messrs. A. Wendler, C. H. Remington, J. G. Jones, A. Drewson and Curt Nicolai were elected directors. Since the organization of this company, the capacity of the machine shop has been doubled, and a commodious brass and bronze foundry added. These buildings were completed about January 1, 1895, and equipped throughout with the most modern improvements in the way of machinery, electric light, steam heating, etc., so that to-day the company has one of the most complete plants for the manufacture of their special line of machinery in Northern New York. In fact this company is the only concern in the United States manufacturing as a specialty sulphite mill machinery. It controls many valuable patents for machinery used in sulphite paper mills, and has built up a reputation in this line all over the country.

A. Wendler, the president and manager of the concern, was born in Zschopan, Germany, in 1863. His father, Carl Wendler, is interested in pulp and paper mills at that place, and gave him the best education. After graduating at the Royal College at Chemnitz he studied in Hanover and Berlin, and received his degree as chemical engineer. At the age of 25, after learning his trade in one of the largest paper mills in Germany, he started on a trip through different countries in Europe and at last came to America, where he worked in some of the best paper mills and machine shops. After three years of hard work he returned to Europe on a visit, and on his return went into partnership with Mr. Spiro, and opened an office as engineers for pulp and paper mills, introducing his patents, together with the latest machinery invented for the pulp industry. One year later the firm of Munro, Spiro & Wendler was organized in order to manufacture their own machinery, which firm was succeeded by Wendler & Company, and finally the Wendler Machine Company was organized, and continue the business, although this enterprising concern has met with some embarrassment, its future is now assured. Its loss to Carthage would be deplored.

In May, 1850, he opened a store in Carthage, receiving his goods via Oswego and Sackets Harbor. His coming was the means of introducing many improvements among the merchants of that town, who had been content to use the old-fashioned oil lamps for lighting their stores; but Mr. Frederick brought out the article known commercially as "camphene," which gave a brilliant, clear light, and the oil lamps in public soon fell into "innocuous desuetude." This is but one illustration of his way of introducing many improvements.

His seven years of service as a pharmaceutist gave great confidence to the public in his business, and his reputation in that respect is not confined to this section. Being always progressive, and slightly aggressive, Mr. Frederick has been independent in every thing. He has always been active in every improvement of Carthage, the home of his youth and his later years. He has probably, first and last, had more young men who have became successful pharmacists under his tutelage than any other merchant in Jefferson county. They are scattered at several places over the State, and are known as well grounded in their business.

The persistency of Mr. Frederick was well demonstrated in his contest with the Guardian Insurance Company, whose merited inglorious end was brought about by the search-light of investigation which Mr. Frederick's case brought to bear upon that organization after it had attempted to declare as "lapsed" a policy of $2.000, which was derelict, but only technically, as the company had purposely dropped the usual notice for renewal. The outrage thus attempted, and the publicity given to the case through Mr. Frederick's efforts, before the Legislature for four long years of persistent effort, at last forced the enactment of the now well-known law which requires 30 days' notice to be given of the day of falling due of any premium, no matter whether such notice is waived or not by the terms of the policy, or by its fine-type conditions, so seldom read.

Mr. Frederick's habit of keeping well up with the march of public progress, and indeed a little ahead of the procession, is shown in the marked improvement of his storefront--building it anew with plate-glass windows, leaving it one of the finest drug and prescription stores in the northern part of the State. Here he manufactures the medicines with which his name has been long identified, among which is the noted Lungwort Syrup, in use in nearly every household in the country.

Nor has he devoted all his powers to the accumulation of property, though in that he has been more than moderately successful. He was in his early youth a leader in all the movements relating to the advancement of the common-school interests of Carthage. In company with able contemporaries, he is one of those who can point to the fine High School building, finished in 1887, now a prominent object in Carthage, as an out-growth of his efforts in obtaining its present site, for he was a trustee under the old law, when, through his efforts and his co-trustees, the change was made to the Union Free School system. In that effort his labors are appreciated, and will be remembered long after he has joined the great majority.

Mr. Frederick has been in business many years--so long that his daily business routine is now his life. He is noted in being one of the best business advertisers in the country, and believes strongly in printer's ink. His style of advertising is very unique and original. He means to wear out, not rust out, although greatly afflicted by present poor health and inability to get about with celerity. He has ever taken an active interest in politics, and until 1856 was a life-long Democrat, when be broke away from the unpatriotic traditions of that once powerful party, and voted for Fremont, since which time he has acted with the Republicans. He has held several town offices, and has peremptorily declined to have his name presented for positions of larger responsibility. He may be classed as an earnest partizan who, while not desiring office, would follow no party, "right or wrong," and the influence of such men is always powerful.

Take him all in all, Mr. Frederick is an unique and interesting character-- a man of positive ideas, of a growth that has made the town a synonym for energy, for real pluck and for independence.

He owns and enjoys three beautiful islands in the St. Lawrence river, and owns Oakside Park, on Wellsley Island, as well as quite an interest in Round Island Park. He has a fine cottage on Frederick Island, where he and his family have spent their vacation for many years. He was the pioneer and the first cottager in all that section now dotted with summer residences, where is now Thousand Island Park and its surroundings. He was aggressive, and a leader in this as in other matters of public interest. We extract the following from the Carthage Republican, of September 5, 1894: Golden anniversaries are rare, in any department of life, but especially so in a business field, with its shifting, changing fortunes. Our successful and skillful druggist, Mr. C. L. Frederick, has attained the proud distinction of having served 50 consecutive years in this important and intricate art. While he has seen many business houses rise and fall since 1844, he has gone steadily, surely onward, until he has won a competence, and best of all, a character for unswerving integrity, golden, like the mortar which he uses, secundem artem. Still hale and hearty, with brain keen and alert, the Republican extends hearty greetings, and hopes that for many years to come it may be our pleasure to give precedence among the list of veteran business men, to the name of C. L. Frederick.

In politics he was first a Whig, then a Republican. He was a peculiar character; possessed of an indomitable will, independent, positive, energetic in the maintenance of his principles, he was yet a man of much tenderness, and would sacrifice himself to serve a friend. He died in November, 1874, aged 84 years, leaving a reputation in no wise tainted by anything unjust.

John Stewart became a resident of Carthage about the same time as his brother Patrick, and for many years lived an exemplary Christian life. His widow and sister Ellen live at an advanced age, with Mrs. Stewart's daughter Sarah, (Mrs. B. Vroman, of Champion). These two ladies, possessing peculiarly happy dispositions, are of the kind that never grow old, looking forward to the reward of the faithful.

Patrick Somerville Stewart was in many ways remarkable. The writer met him as a clerk when he was supervisor from Wilna. The town never had a more faithful officer, nor one who took a greater delight in doing a duty to the best of his ability.

Mr. Kilby, at this writing, is in his fifty-first year, and presents an all-round character for legal attainments and business ability seldom surpassed by one of his age in country life, and who has had to make his own way unaided by wealth and without the assistance of powerful friendly influence. He is a trustee of St. Lawrence University and vice-president of the First National Bank of Carthage, N. Y. Upright and downright in character, possessing a rare equipment of general and legal learning, untiring in the discharge of every duty to his clients and to everyday life, Allen E. Kilby presents an object lesson of a self-made man--"four square to all the winds that blow "--and worthy of the fullest respect and confidence of his fellow-citizens. Mature in judgment, inflexible in his opinions, stainless in his personal honor, and brave and true in his friendship--a loving and tender father, a faithful and affectionate husband--the subject of this brief sketch adds dignity to his profession and honor to the citizenship of his native country. A. D. S.

Mr. Hodgkins is well remembered by the author of this History, for he was kind to us when a poor boy learning a trade.

After the war the Captain came back to his adopted village, where he has since resided, and practiced his profession. He organized the Carthage Fire Department; was elected four times president, and as an executive officer made the most efficient one it ever had. He straightened the street grade and the sidewalks, built the first stone cross-walks, caused the fences to be removed and the parking system to be carried out, the streets to be lighted and an equality of taxation established. He is one of the best campaign orators in the State; has been and is an active G. A. R. man, and in 1888 was commander of E. B. Steele Post, No. 269. He is a lawyer, well grounded in elementary principles, possessing those rare qualifications which make one of the best trial lawyers in Northern New York.

The Captain, besides his legal skill and literary attainments, is the inventor of 21 patents, among which is the Pneumatic Horse Shoe and the Glass Tube and Changeable Center Fish Bait. He was married in 1864 to Zeolade, daughter of Orson and Sophia Warren. His home is a delightful one, in the very heart of the town.

Mr. Brownell died in Carthage on Christmas day, 1894. With him was forever lost much that was of interest relating to the early surveys. He was a thinker and a student. He had always a ready answer to any question relating to his profession. The author of this History had occasion once to ask him the exact measure of the water-fall in the Black river at Carthage, as well as the width of the river at the point where the public bridge crosses. He gave me the figures without reference to any book. He was a methodical and exact man, the result of long training in his profession, a matter of the utmost consequence in a surveyor. He was a superior draughtsman, plotting with exactness and ease. Taking him all in all, he was a man whose loss comes near to being a public one, for the knowledge he largely possessed was of such a nature that it was of interest to all. His last sickness was a gradual fading out of "life's fitful fever." The writer was with him and his devoted wife at Bonaparte lake last summer, and anticipated his speedy restoration to health, a hope that has not had fulfillment. But his end was peace, for death had no terrors for him.

The father of Mrs. Brownell, Osmyn Caswell, Esq., was born in Connecticut in 1796, and came of old Puritan stock. Three of his mother's brothers were soldiers in the Revolutionary army, and fought for independence at Bunker Hill. Esquire Caswell was one of the writer's earliest friends, a truly honest, conscientious man. He was the first justice of the peace in that part of the town of Theresa where he resided. He was universally respected. He died in the town of Wilna in 1881. Mr. Brownell's esteemed wife is left to mourn for her husband. They were indeed, an exceptionally happy and industrious family. J.A.H.

An Universalist in belief, he lived as if in accord with the teachings of the Golden Rule. He died May 6, 1894, aged 85 years. "Truly a good man has fallen," was the expression of all who learned of the demise of Simeon Fulton. He was one more of those strong and honorable men who settled in the Black River country at an early day, and lived lives which justify us in calling them exceptional in all the qualities which make up true manhood. Principle was his guide, the light of reason his inspiration to duty. There were some like Mr. Fulton, but he had no superior.

Miles Strickland was born in Bucks county, Pa., several years before his father removed to Philadelphia. He grew up on his father's farm, receiving a moderate education at the public school and partly from a Friend's school, established at Philadelphia at an early day. By profession he would naturally be classed as a farmer, but he was also a miller, he having been proprietor of the grist mill at Philadelphia in company with Mr. Edward Tucker, as well as engaged in other enterprises. As he grew in wealth, and reputation as a financier, he gave up his other pursuits more and more, until at last, his whole time was devoted to his own financial affairs. He married Miss Harriet A., Bronson, now deceased. He was a man of more than average capacity, and of excellent judgment, for which reason his advice was often sought by his neighbors. His business calling him often to Watertown, he finally made that city his home, and there he rounded out a useful and honorable life, dying March 17, 1893.

October 9, 1873, Mr. Strickland married Sarah Elizabeth, daughter of Collins Miller, of Deer River, N. Y. They have reared three interesting children, Ruth Louise, Seth Miller, and John Lyle. Their home is a typical one--solid but not ostentatious.

Mr. Strickland is the proprietor of the Strickland block, a new building in the center of the village. It was begun in February, 1893, and was fully completed in 1894. There is no more substantial building in the county, and it is a credit to Carthage, for many reasons. The front is pressed (Trenton, N. J.) brick, and, with the Ohio blue stone, forms a peculiarly fine and massive combination. The front upon State street is 90 feet, and upon Mechanic street 105 feet. Mr. Griffin, of Watertown, was the architect. The mason and carpenter work has been done largely by Carthage mechanics, and they have produced a fine building.

JOHN STRICKLAND was born in. Bucks county, Pa., in 1757. In 1806 he emigrated to Jefferson county, and located in Philadelphia, N. Y., then a part of LeRay. He was a member of the Society of Friends, and possessed of a genial and kindly disposition. He brought with him a sum exceeding $25,000, with which he purchased 5,000 acres of land in that town. During the War of 1812 he bought supplies for the army, and at the termination of the war had a large quantity of supplies on hand, for which he received less than half their original cost. He was obliged to dispose of a portion of his land to payoff his indebtedness, after the accomplishment of which he had left of his once large estate only 220 acres. He died September 15, 1849, aged 92 years. At the age of 25 he married Margaret Stout, of German descent, with whom he resided 60 years. She died in 1853. Of their children, Elizabeth married Thomas Townsend, and died in 1864; John, Jr., married Rachel Townsend, and died in 1859; Sarah married Ezra Comley, and died in Pennsylvania in 1855; Deborah died in infancy; Ann married Edmund Tucker, and died in 1863; Mahlon married Mary, daughter of James Rogers, and died in 1871; Margaret married Samuel Case, and died in Chicago, in 1888, aged 91 years; Rachel married Samuel Rogers, and died in Philadelphia, N. Y., in 1863; Miles married Harriet A. Bronson (deceased); Martha married Robert Gray, and died in Wisconsin, in 1875; Seth, who was born in 1808, married Jane, daughter of Thomas Bones, January 25, 1835. Of their children, Ellen (Mrs. Isaac Mosher) and William reside in Philadelphia, N. Y., and John E. in Carthage. William Strickland was born October 15, 1839, and was reared on the homestead farm, which he inherited. He married Betsey J., daughter of Truman and Fanny (Allis) Oatman, of Philadelphia, N. Y., December 29, 1862, by whom he has had two children, Seth T., born March 12, 1866, who died May 7, 1871, and Anna Jane, born April 2, 1874. Mr. Wm. Strickland is a farmer, and resides in the village of Philadelphia.

Mr. Hammond's continual attendance at his home, necessitated by his care for his sick wife, induced him to assume, temporarily, the position of station agent at the important village of Carthage. This position he was holding when appointed to the superintendency of the western division of the New York & New England Railroad, with headquarters at Hartford, Conn. He remained in that position until the general break-up which grew out of the attacks upon Mr. McLeod, the president of the great Reading Railroad system, and which was fraught with such immense losses to the Reading road, deranging all its relations with other roads. Mr. Hammond did not care to be unfaithful to his chief, and resigned his position when Mr. Parsons retired. Since then he has been a resident of Carthage, and his friends are anxious to again see him connected with railroading, and in a position equal to his abilities.

He deserves the popularity he has earned for kindness of heart is one of his predominating traits. He is the last representative of his family. His brother, Charles T. Hammond, was a prominent lawyer and Mason, and was Master of the Lodge when he died. Frederick, the youngest son, was a telegraph operator and a fine musician. Mrs. T. S. Hammond, their mother, died February 27, 1889, and was a resident of Carthage for 51 years. She and her husband were an exceptionally happy couple.

She was married July 14, 1851, to Marcus Bickford, a native of Lowville, but who became early identified with Carthage, and remained so until his death, September 19, 1876. He was for many years regarded, and is still remembered as a well read and progressive man of this town, and a strong political leader in the Republican ranks, of which faith he was a stanch and unflinching advocate.

In March, 1860, he established the paper to which his wife gave its name, the Carthage Republican, and it was fitting that in its columns should appear a tribute to one who ever kept its interests in her remembrance, and in the early days of its existence labored for its success.

But her years of life are over; long and busy they have been, and crowned with fullness of days. "She rests from her labors and her works do follow her."

Two children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Bickford: Miss Florence Ida, who is the only surviving member of the family, and Cora H., who died November 1,1873.

Mrs. Bickford's maiden name was Jane Van Horn Hammond, second daughter of John D. Hammond. She was one of a family of 12 children, seven sons and five daughters. Of the five sisters she was the last survivor, and attained the greatest age, She was born on January 2, 1823, on the Alexandria road, in a house long since removed. She was of a particularly refined nature, possessing very quick intellectual perceptions, and had all the advantages it was possible to enjoy in those early days when the settlers were hewing their roof trees, and struggling for a future competence. In addition to possessing a superior English education, Mrs. Bickford spoke French with accuracy and fluency, even until the day of her death. She was an unusually brilliant conversationalist, and most graceful in expression.

SAMUEL KEYES, now in his 87th year, came to Wilna in 1819. His father took up land on the road leading to Natural Bridge, having removed hither from Montgomery county, N. Y. Wilna was then an almost unbroken wilderness. Samuel Keyes married Miss Mary Fulton, February 23d, 1831. He has held many town offices, including railroad commissioner, commissioner of excise, and supervisor. He raised three boys and two girls--all the sons are yet living: George, Samuel and Caleb; one of the daughters, Mrs. Alfreda Palmer, is yet living, but Mrs. Margaret Chaffee is dead. Mr. Keyes is yet vigorous, and the very day we interviewed him he had been hunting deer. His son Caleb conducts the farm.

On being mustered out of service the Doctor removed to Eau Clair, Wisconsin, where he was engaged in the drug trade for 10 years. His services in the field had brought on attacks of rheumatism, which turned his thoughts more or less towards a warmer climate for winter. His attention was attracted towards Sanford, Florida, upon the St. Johns river, at the head of large steamer transportation on Lake Monroe. At Sanford he made his home from 1872 to 1875 and engaged in the cultivation of oranges and other semi-tropical fruits.

The Doctor and his partners purchased a tract of 7,000 acres in Volusia county, about 15 miles from Sanford, and on it established what is now known as Orange City, Florida. He was elected State Senator in the meantime. The 7,000 acres were sold to actual settlers, the lands proving exceptionally fine for orange-culture. The Doctor's services as State Senator resulted in the establishment of the Florida Bureau of Immigration (the first in the South after the war), of which he was its commissioner. The literature emanating from his office at Jacksonville ("Florida as it is"), did much to spread information relating to that State. His assistant was Watertown's well-known and honored townsman, Mr. Samuel Fairbanks. The direct results of that class of literature have been frequent and important. In 1881 he removed again to Sanford, which is his present home.

The Doctor and Mrs. French have reared three children: Adele, the wife of Mr. Edward T. Lane, of Anderson, Indiana; Hattie, wife of Mr. Wm. F. Leavitt, of Sanford, Fla., and A. V. French, the only son, who resides near Sanford, and is engaged in orange culture.

The history of Dr. French illustrates in a marked degree what perseverance; energy and integrity will accomplish. He began poor and was not favored by influential friends, but he built up a name for integrity and skill as a physician that will endure long after he has passed away. Once, when a boy, he visited the Hon. Silas Wright, at Canton, and Mr. Wright asked him what he proposed to become. Young French replied, "Well, sir, I don't know." Mr. Wright turned to him and in all earnestness said, "My young friend, you can become anything you desire." This was ever an incentive to the Doctor. He aimed high, and though he has probably never achieved what he sometimes hoped to, he has at least achieved enduring remembrance in the hearts of the men with whom he served in the Union army. His life shows what even a poor boy can attain in this free land. Indeed, we know of no life that has been spent in this county which contains more encouragement for a struggling young man than that of Dr. French. We knew him well in the field, for he gave tender care to many of my wounded men, some of whom he stood over in death. He was a courageous man, the shriek of shells never made him nervous. He was the soldier's friend. J.A.H.

O. T. ATWOOD, associate editor of the Republican for a short time and an attorney and counsellor-at-law, and afterward clerk in the Treasury Department at Washington.

The Brooks house stood on the corner of State and School streets, on the present site of John Norton's house, near which was a well of excellent water, which with another in front of the old Cutler house (where the Hammond homestead now stands), afforded the only good drinking water in that part of the town. The old "Brooks' well" is surrounded by many tender memories of early Carthagenians. Mr. Brooks had two daughters, Salina and Hannah. He had five sons: Alonzo, Lorenzo, Monroe, Virgil and Ormando. Virgil died at the age of 16. Alonzo joined the patriots, and was taken prisoner by the Canadians, and banished with many others to Van Dieman's land. After remaining a few years he escaped and returned to Carthage, but was always in great fear of recapture. Monroe and Ormando both became acceptable Methodist ministers.

The principal campaigns in which he was engaged were the Peninsula, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Lookout Valley and Chattanooga, Atlanta, Savannah and the Carolinas. His first commission was that of captain, and at the close of the war he received that of brevet brigadier-general.

The Major's best work was probably, performed at the battle of Gettysburg, while in command of the artillery brigade of the 11th corps. We pass over the first two days fighting at Gettysburg, and state that, excepting a severe fight by Slocum, before and after service, to dislodge Ewell from some earth works, there was no considerable fighting on the third day until the artillery contest, preparatory to the grand charge of Pickett's division. In the forenoon, the officers of Mead's army with their field glasses could plainly see Lee's batteries going into position along the crest of Seminary Ridge. Those batteries, standing at regular intervals, covered a point of about two miles, and about 150 of Lee's guns were in position. This was believed to be the longest and finest line of field guns ever in position upon a battlefield, and engaged at the same time in battle. Major Osborn's five battalions occupied the crest of Cemetery Hill. The distance between the two lines of battle, from seven-eighths of a mile to a mile and a half, was just enough for effective artillery work. At precisely one o'clock Lee's signal gun was fired, the shot directed upon Cemetery Hill. In less than a minute after, the 150 guns opened, more than half of which were turned upon Cemetery Hill.

After this firing had been in progress about an hour, General Hunt came upon the hill, and while consulting with Generals Howard and Schurz and Major Osborn of the progress of the battle, the artillery fire and Lee's probable intentions, the Major suggested that the firing of Meade's should entirely cease and permit Lee to develop his plans. The three generals approved the plan and Hunt at once acted upon the suggestion.

The firing along the entire line had no sooner ceased than Lee advanced Pickett's division, supported by two other divisions, to the grand charge upon Hancock's line. The result of that charge is well known. As soon as Pickett's Column was in half-range, everyone of Meade's guns opened with grape and canister, with deadly and sickening effect. Pickett's column melted away like the mists of morning before the rising sun.

At the close of the war, Major Osborn was assigned, by the Secretary of War to another important duty, the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands for the State of Florida. In that capacity he served two years, and then resigned his commission in the army and became a citizen of Florida, with his residence at Tallahassee. Soon after his resignation he received from Chief Justice Chase the appointment of Register in Bankruptcy for Florida.

During the enforcement of the Reconstruction Laws, he took an active part in the politics of the State; was elected a member of the Constitutional Convention, and drafted the Constitution of the State. By the Legislature elected under the new Constitution, he was elected in May, 1868, to the United States Senate, as a Republican, for the term ending 1873. He entered the Senate at the age of 35.

In 1876 he served as United States commissioner at the Centennial Exposition, at Philadelphia. Otherwise than that he has held no public office since he retired from the Senate. In later years he has been engaged in business in Florida and New York, and in literary pursuits.

When the Civil War broke out he was teaching school at Pillar Point. He responded to the first call for volunteers, and enlisted April 22, 1861, at Sackets Harbor. He was mustered into the service of the United States June 11, 1861, at Elmira, N. Y., in Co. K, 35th N. Y. Vols., as private, and participated in all the battles the 35th was engaged in--among them being the second battle of Bull Run, South Mountain, Antietam and Fredericksburg. He was commissioned second lieutenant February 17, 1863, and mustered out of service with the regiment June 5, 1863, at Elmira. He married Martha E. Westcott, of Sackets Harbor, December 31, 1864. In February, 1872, he moved to Carthage, and engaged in carpentering and building. He was trustee of the village for two years, and justice of the peace two years. He was a charter member of E. B. Steele Post, G, A. R., and was commander for one term, and also a prominent Knight of Labor. March 3,1890, he was appointed postmaster at Carthage, and held that office until his death, which occurred April 20, 1893. His children are: George H. , Mabel and Ed Win. His widow survives him.

Leonard G., the only surviving member of the family of Allen Peck, was born September 3, 1832. He obtained his education at the Carthage Academy, and at the age of 17 entered apprenticeship to Clark Dodge, for three years, where he acquired the trade of wagon-making. Soon after his father's death, he entered into the employ of his brother, William A. Peck, as a clerk, in which position he continued until about a year from the time of the death of that most estimable and beloved citizen, in November, 1863.

In January, 1867, he embarked in the carriage business in Carthage, on the corner of State and Mechanic streets, which he conducted somewhat extensively for about 10 years, since which time he has discontinued regular business.

He married Helen Frances Bellinger, of Carthage, July 7, 1858. There were born to them three daughters, who are all living to cheer his now lonely fireside. His beloved wife died January 29, 1893.

Mr. Peck has been a member of the Board of Education continuously for 27 years, and has ever, through a love for youth and literary acquirements, been deeply interested in, and closely identified with, all pertaining to educational matters, in connection with the Carthage Union Free School. It may be truly said that the present position of the school, in the front rank among public schools of the county, is due in a great measure to the devotion and untiring zeal of this worthy citizen. He is a man of decided literary tastes, as is shown in what he has written for this History. Mr. Peck has been a life-long resident of Carthage. J. A. H.

William Wallace, the subject of our sketch, was one of four children. He received his primary education in the common schools; completing it at the Oswego State Normal School. He came to Carthage in 1882, and was employed as salesman in the stores of Walter Horr and of C. E. Francis, remaining some 10 years.

He married Miss Nettie A. Francis, a daughter of Gilbert Francis, of Felts Mills, and they have six children: Ethel C., Gertrude M., Ernest E., Erma P., these last two are twins; Lora and Leah, who also are twins. Mr. Sweet is one of the assessors of the town of Wilna, and one of the trustees of the village of Carthage, secretary of the Carthage Loan and Building Association, and assistant chief of the Fire Department. His present position is salesman for Mr. C. E. Van Slyke. Mr. Sweet is an honorable and respected citizen, enjoying the confidence of his fellow-citizens, as is amply evidenced by the honorable positions to which he has been called.

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